Toni Morrisons Beloved Not a Story to be Passed On...

Toni Morrisons Beloved: Not a Story to be Passed On Beloved, Toni Morrisons Nobel Prize winning novel, is a masterfully written book in which the characters must deal with a past that perpetually haunts them. This haunting, in the form of a twenty year old ghost named Beloved, not only stalks them in the spirit, but also in the flesh. Beloved, both in story and in character hides the truth in simple ways and convinces those involved that the past never leaves, it only becomes part of who they are. This contortion of truth does not allow any character to escape. Each one hides and runs from the brutality of slavery, yet cannot escape its heritage. Set in the post-Civil War era of the rural Ohio back roads, each protagonist†¦show more content†¦She succeeded in killing one; she tried to kill two others. She hit them in the head with a shovel and they were wounded but they didnt die. And there was a smaller one she had at her breast. She had placed all of the value of her life in something outside herself. That the woma n who killed her children loved her children so much; they were the best part of her and she would not see them sullied. She would not see them hurt. She would rather kill them, have them die. (Taylor-Guthrie, 207-208). The same publication that leads Morrison to conjuring up the characters and the story of Beloved also surveys the horrors of slavery in the mid 1800s. Morrison dedicates the book to Sixty Million and more(Morrison, i) slaves and acknowledges the freedom that each slave yearned for. This freedom constitutes having the ability to chose ones own responsibilities and loving other people more than you love yourself. (Taylor-Guthrie, 195-196). Morrisons characters stand in for all those slaves and former slaves who were unceremoniously buried without tribute or recognition. As she feels chosen by these slaves to attend to their burial properly, artistically, Beloved becomes her effort to accomplish that. It is an act of recovering the past in narrative, to insert this memory that was unbearable and unspeakable into the literature. (Furman, 80). Even Morrison finds it hard toShow MoreRelated slaverybel Morrison’s Beloved as Chronicle of Slavery? Essay1105 Words   |  5 Pages Morrison’s Beloved as Chronicle of Slavery?nbsp;nbsp; Stories written in our present time about slavery in the eighteen-hundreds are often accepted as good accounts of history. However, Toni Morrison’s Beloved cannot be used to provide a good chronicle in the history of slavery. While writing about black female slaves and how they were the most oppressed of the most oppressed, Toni Morrison, herself as a female black writer, has a very bias view, as seen by many others. Beloved is written inRead More Comparing the Role of the Ghost in Morrisons Beloved and Kingstons No Name Woman972 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Ghost in Morrisons Beloved and Kingstons No Name Woman The eponymous ghosts which haunt Toni Morrisons Beloved and Maxine Hong Kingstons No Name Woman (excerpted from The Woman Warrior) embody the consequence of transgressing societal boundaries through adultery and murder. While the wider thematic concerns of both books differ, however both authors use the ghost figure to represent a repressed historical past that is awakened in their narrative retelling of the stories. The ghostsRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved 1524 Words   |  7 PagesShai-Dae Alford Dr. DuBose ENG 490-02 10 April 2016 Slave Narrative: Beloved Toni Morrison conveys her strong feelings in her novel about slavery depicting the emotional impact slavery has had on individual mainly the centered character Sethe. The protagonist of the novel is unable to fully prosper in life due to resentment and the ability to move on from her past experiences. In Morrison’s story, since 1873 slavery was abolished for ten years in Cincinnati, Ohio. By the author choosing this settingRead MoreToni Morrison s Beloved, The Bond Between A Mother And Daughter1540 Words   |  7 PagesLove transcends to a spiritual level, allowing for a more intimate connection with the family. Nevertheless, terrible events can blur this concept between being healthy or dangerous. In Beloved, by Toni Morrison, the bond between a mother and daughter is a strong, unbreakable force, like in any family. However, that doesn’t guarantee that it will always be good; it can also be a toxic relationship that slowly kills one or both partners of the bond mental ly and physically. Everyone wishes to be lovedRead MoreSlavery And Social Criticism In Toni Morrisons Beloved1999 Words   |  8 PagesToni Morrison’s Beloved was not intended to stand alone as a story and novel; a standalone novel iswill be relevant, meaningful, effective and moving regardless of anything going on outside the world that the author has created. Beloved does not stand alone because it doesn’t render the world outside the novel unimportant; it is so integrated into the context of its time period and the one we live in now that to separate the book from its surroundings would be counterintuitive, and the primary messageRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s About Slavery2573 Words   |  11 PagesToni Morrison conveys her strong feelings in her novel about slavery depicting the emotional impact slavery has had on individual mainly the centered character Sethe. The protagonist of the novel is unable to fully prosper in life due to resentment and the ability to move on from he r past experiences. In Morrison’s story, since 1873 slavery was abolished for ten years in Cincinnati, Ohio. By the author choosing this setting it had a great impact on the reader like myself. â€Å"I didn’t see her, but aRead MoreThe Fate Of Twisted Love1604 Words   |  7 Pages Mr. Levy English III 16 November 2016 The Fate of Twisted Love Toni Morrison uses the theme twisted love in Beloved to show symbolism on her past versus her in the present. I. Beloved A. Some believe that she was Sethe dead daughter 1. â€Å" †¦as she sees the actual flesh of Beloved Sethe disappears into the bond with Beloved†¦ Denver sees that something must be done.† (Demetrakopulos 75) 2. â€Å"†¦ Beloved was the reincarnation of the daughter she lost initially fils her with joy andRead MoreAnalysis Of Beloved By Toni Morrison2078 Words   |  9 PagesAn Analysis of Beloved as a Portrayal of American History Toni Morrison’s 1988 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, Beloved is clearly a work of well deserved literary acclaim. It has been hailed as one of the most revolutionary, poetic, and poignant pieces of modern American literature. The work is characterized by it’s portrayal of the â€Å"Slave Narrative† and follows the strife of former slave and mother: Sethe as she is tormented by the memories of her past, the haunting of her home, and the appearanceRead MoreEssay about Memorys Ghost in Beloved1576 Words   |  7 PagesMemory’s Ghost in Beloved â€Å"A moment lasts all of a second, but the memory lasts forever†- Anonymous In Toni Morrison’s Beloved, the concept of memory is so intertwined with the novel that it is becomes a character; like any character it has impulses, it breaths, it moves, it pushes action forward, and it prevents it; if repressed it sometimes fights; it gives life, and attempts to take it away. Memory and identity are inseparable and interchangeable; what happened in the past becomes not onlyRead More Remembering the Disremembered Essay4818 Words   |  20 Pageshas claim, she is not claimed. In the place where long grass opens, the girl who waited to be loved and cry shame erupts into her separate parts, to make it easy for the chewing laughter to swallow her all away. It was not a story to pass on. - Toni Morrison, Beloved To write history means giving dates their physiognomy. - Walter Benjamin For philosopher, essayist and critic Walter Benjamin, history is catastrophe. Standing as he does at the dawn of World War II and reflecting back

Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 1751 Words

In Harper Lee’s famous novel â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† she uses many elements of fiction to provide a clearer description for the readers to understand the themes better. The main theme of the novel is the distinction of good and evil in the morals of human nature. Lee uses the elements of setting, point of view, symbolism, and conflict to help her develop the storyline of the novel. The story is in the point of view of the main character, Scout Finch. The basic summary of the story is that Scout and her brother Jem spend much of their time in their town of Maycomb, Alabama with their friend, Dill. The three children spend their time spying on the town recluse, Boo Radley. Their widowed father, Atticus Finch, is the town’s most respected defense lawyer. During the novel’s climax Atticus takes on the case of a black man, Tom Robinson, who is innocent but accused with alleged rape against Mayella Ewell. The trial and the events that follow expose the chil dren to the corrupted views of racism and stereotypes by the townspeople of Maycomb, Alabama. In order for readers to understand the novel better they have to understand the author and her literary habits and preferences. According to an article by Jay Mill, Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama on April 28, 1926. She entered into the University of Alabama, and spent a year in England as an exchange student at Oxford University. Lee moved to New York City, not completing her law degree, to become an airline clerk. SheShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1049 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: How a Story could be based on True Events in Everyday LifeDaisy GaskinsCoastal Pines Technical Collegeâ€Æ'Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama. Her father was a former newspaper editor and proprietor, who had served as a state senator and practiced as a lawyer in Monroeville. Also Finch was known as the maiden name of Lee’s mother. With that being said Harper Lee became a writer like her father, but she became a American writer, famous for her race relations novel â€Å"ToRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1000 Words   |  4 Pagesworld-wide recognition to the many faces of prejudice is an accomplishment of its own. Author Harper Lee has had the honor to accomplish just that through her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, a moving and inspirational story about a young girl learning the difference between the good and the bad of the world. In the small town of Monroeville, Alabama, Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926. Growing up, Harper Lee had three siblings: two sisters and an older brother. She and her siblings grew up modestlyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee873 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee illustrates that â€Å"it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird† throughout the novel by writing innocent characters that have been harmed by evil. Tom Robinson’s persecution is a symbol for the death of a mockingbird. The hunters shooting the bird would in this case be the Maycomb County folk. Lee sets the time in the story in the early 1950s, when the Great Depression was going on and there was poverty everywhere. The mindset of people back then was that blackRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1290 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird during a rough period in American history, also known as the Civil Rights Movement. This plot dives into the social issues faced by African-Americans in the south, like Tom Robinson. Lee felt that the unfair treatment towards blacks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism must stop. Lee effectivelyRead MoreHarper Lee and to Kill a Mockingbird931 Words   |  4 PagesHarper Lee and her Works Harper Lee knew first hand about the life in the south in the 1930s. She was born in Monroeville, Alabama in 1926 (Castleman 2). Harper Lee was described by one of her friends as Queen of the Tomboys (Castleman 3). Scout Finch, the main character of Lees Novel, To Kill a Mockinbird, was also a tomboy. Many aspects of To Kill a Mockingbird are autobiographical (Castleman 3). Harper Lees parents were Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee. She was the youngestRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee963 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing up, when older characters give advice to children or siblings.Growing up is used frequently in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Harper Lee uses the theme growing up in To Kill a Mockingbird to change characters opinion, develop characters through their world, and utilizes prejudice to reveal growing up. One major cause growing up is used in To Kill a Mockingbird is to represent a change of opinion. One part growing up was shown in is through the trial in part two of the novelRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1052 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in Maycomb County, Alabama in the late 30s early 40s , after the great depression when poverty and unemployment were widespread throughout the United States. Why is the preconception of racism, discrimination, and antagonism so highly related to some of the characters in this book? People often have a preconceived idea or are biased about one’s decision to live, dress, or talk. Throughout To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee examines the preconceptionRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee1197 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as crops, houses, and land, and money was awfully limited. These conflicts construct Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, Lee establ ishes the concurrence of good and evil, meaning whether people are naturally good or naturally evil. Lee uses symbolism, characterization, and plot to portray the instinctive of good and evil. To Kill a Mocking Bird, a novel by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930s in the Southern United States. The protagonist, Scout Finch,Read MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1695 Words   |  7 PagesIn To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee presents as a ‘tired old town’ where the inhabitants have ‘nowhere to go’ it is set in the 1930s when prejudices and racism were at a peak. Lee uses Maycomb town to highlight prejudices, racism, poverty and social inequality. In chapter 2 Lee presents the town of Maycomb to be poverty stricken, emphasised through the characterisation of Walter Cunningham. When it is discovered he has no lunch on the first day of school, Scout tries to explain the situation to MissRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1876 Words   |  8 PagesThough Harper Lee only published two novels, her accomplishments are abundant. Throughout her career Lee claimed: the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, Goodreads Choice Awards Best Fiction, and Quill Award for Audio Book. Lee was also inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. This honor society is a huge accomplishment and is considered the highest recognition for artistic talent and accomplishment in the United States. Along with these accomplishments, her

Stock Market and Disk Drive Operations Free Essays

Question: – Why is Seagate undertaking this transaction? Is it necessary to divest the Veritas shares in a separate transaction? Who are the winners and losers resulting from the transaction? Solution: – Seagate is undertaking this transaction to generate significant wealth gains for Seagate shareholders. There is a value gap generates due to Seagate’s VERITAS stake. VERITAS stake value exceeds the entire market capitalization of the Seagate. We will write a custom essay sample on Stock Market and Disk Drive Operations or any similar topic only for you Order Now Seagate faces two problems because of VERITAS stake. First, the company’s core disk drive operations were not receiving full value in the market. Second, the company would incur a significant tax liability if the company attempt to monetize its VERITAS stake be selling the shares. Yes, it is necessary to divest the VERITAS shares in a separate transaction. It helps the company to save itself from tax liabilities and distributing the VERITAS stock tax free to its shareholders. The Seagate shareholders are definitely winner if the two-step transaction will happen. The shareholders of Seagate get higher value of disk drive operations and tax free shares of VERITAS. The Seagate Management is also winner. They get rid of tax liabilities related to VERITAS stocks and get full value of disk drive operations. The VERITAS also feel like winner as they get higher number of stocks in exchange of lesser number of stocks. Question: – Does the negative value of Seagate’s operating assets imply markets are inefficient? Solution: – The negative value of Seagate’s operating assets implies that markets are inefficient. The core disk drive operations do not receive its full value in the market. Seagate’s Management thinks that disk drive operations value is larger than what the value is in market. This shows that markets are inefficient. Question: – Why might a negative value exist? Solution: – Tax liabilities: – The negative value of the Seagate’s operating assets is due to tax liabilities which the company is facing because of VERITAS stocks. Other liabilities : – Fear that managers will destroy value: – The negative value of the Seagate’s operating assets is not due to fear that managers will destroy value. Moreover, the investors have trust in the managers of the Seagate that’s why they want to retain the top management of the Seagate in the newly build company. How to cite Stock Market and Disk Drive Operations, Papers

Communication Research free essay sample

In this assignment the nine creative characteristics in eight different advertisements, will be explored and describe by means of content analysis. 1MAIN ISSUE Explore and describe, by means of qualitative and quantitative content analysis, the characteristics of nine creative concepts and their creative application in eight different adverts, found in two different publications: cross sectional. 2RESEARCH CRITERIA Relevance: Advertising is directly related to marketing, which makes the issue relevant to communication science. Researchability: The issue can be researched by collecting and exploring the creative concepts of eight different advertisements from two different magazine or newspaper publications. Feasibility:The investigation is feasible as there are not many resources necessary, and it is easy and inexpensive to purchase two magazine or newspaper publications. Ethical acceptability: The research deals with eight advertisements from two publications, it will therefore be ethically acceptable because no persons are involved, so no harm can be done. 3EXTENT The research will be done in two magazines, namely the YOU magazine and Destiny both from January 3rd, 2013. Both of these magazines deal with fashion, beauty, entertainment, food and lifestyle. This is a cross sectional study, done on the 2013 January 3rd issues, because of their vast variety of advertisements that can be analysed. The research is done on all creative concept per each of the chosen advertisement. The advertisements chosen include: You magazine:Satiskin- page 33Toughees -page 39 HP- page 40Buccaneer- page 52 Destiny Magazine:DKNY- page 7Chevrolet- page 2-3 Landrover- page 9Bourneville- page 21 I chose these adverts because I found them to be the most creative, eye catching and exciting. This cross sectional study was conducted on July 10th 2013, well in time for the assignment due date. 4POPULATION There are two types of populations, the target population and the accessible population. The target population includes all possible publications and advertisements. The accessible population includes all the advertisements of the selected two publications, namely YOU magazine and Destiny magazine, January 3rd 2013 edition, The different characteristics of the accessible population include different creative concepts; language used/not used ; text and colour; and use of pictures. The units of analysis include the nine different creative concepts within each advertisement. These characteristics and units of analysis are appropriate for this research issue because it will aid me in describing the characteristics of the nine creative concepts and their creative application in eight different adverts. 5ASSUMPTIONS AND SUB-ISSUES Assumptions: Different creative concepts are used in different advertisements selected from the two publications. Car advertisements use more than three creative concept per advertisement. The creative concept, branding, is found in all advertisements. Each advertisement applies more than one creative concept Sub-issue: Do different advertisements use different creative concepts? Do car advertisements use more than three creative concept per advertisement? Is the creative concept, branding, found in all of the advertisements? Does each advertisement apply more than one creative concept? 6GOAL AND OBJECTIVES The goal is applied communication research because we want to investigate a practical issue. Th practical issue in this research is to determine the characteristics of the nine creative concepts in the selected advertisements from the two. The two objectives in this research include exploratory and descriptive objectives. Objectives are exploratory because we want to explore the nine different creative concepts. The objective are descriptive because we want to describe how these nine creative concepts are used in each advertisement. 7RESEARCH QUESTION Which creative concepts are used in different selected advertisements? How do the creative concepts used in the Toughees advertisement differ from those of the Buccaneer advertisement. If more than one creative concept is used in some advertisements, which advertisements are they used in? Is there any particular creative concept which is found in all advertisements? 8THEORETICAL APPROACH Content analysis Content analysis refers to the qualitative or quantitative analysis of the different creative concepts in the different advertisements selected from the two publications, YOU and Destiny magazine. Systematic observations are applied to messages as units of analysis, which include the nine different creative concepts within the selected advertisements. Content analysis is a research tool focused on the content and is used to determine the presence of certain words, concepts, themes, phrases, characters, or sentences within texts and then quantify these findings. To conduct a content analysis on a text, the text is coded, or broken down, into manageable categories and then examined (https://www. ischool. utexas. edu/~palmquis/courses/content. html). Operational definitions of creative concepts 1Benefit: Advertisers offers or promises a benefit of some sort. This creative characteristic is used to show how the product can satisfy the consumers wants and needs, and be beneficial to the consumer. In the Tounghees advertisement, in the YOU magazine, a 6 month guarantee is promised. The HP advert, in the YOU magazine, promises the reader that they will be able to print twice the amount of pages at the same cost, thus promising you the benefit of saving money. Buccaneers, in the YOU magazine, promises comfort and quality. The Satiskin advert, in the YOU magazine, promises quality and PH balance. 2Curiosity: If the advertisement does not promise new or exciting benefits, the copy should provoke curiosity (Du Ploy 2009:261). This creative characteristic is used to get the consumers attention and arouse interest in the product or brand. The HP advertisement arouses interest with the statement â€Å"print more, pay less†, the reader becomes interested in the idea of saving money. The Bourneville advert, in the Destiny magazine, provokes curiosity with the picture of the woman being licked like a cat during bath time. This image is strange and arouses curiosity. The Buccaneers advert makes the statement â€Å"Making it easy for moms since 1905†, this statement provokes curiosity in the fact that they have been around for so long and are an established company. The Toughees advert, in the YOU magazine, provokes curiosity when they claim that you take 156400 steps at school, per year. The DKNY advert for Golden Delicious arrouses curiousity through the models eyes, and also by comparing the purfume to a delicious golden apple. The Land-rover advert states â€Å"The calm befor, during, and after the storm†, this indicates that this car is very stable and safeno matter what the weather is. 3Amplification: Amplification is done by elaborating and adding detail about the product or service, to make it more appealing or explain it to the reader. In the Buccaneer advert, in the YOU magazine, there is a history of the company they state that they have earned the title shoe school specialists. The Chevrolet advert, in the Destiny magazine, has a description of the car features included, aswell as a birds eye view of the interior of the car to showcase the spaciousness. 4Claims: Claims are assertions about the service or product supported by data. Claims must contain proof, which can be done by relying on credibility (ethos), or by using an emotional appeal (pathos), and/or a logical argument (logos)(Du Ploy 2009:261). Proof can take the form of guarantees. In the Tounghees advertisement, in the YOU magazine, a 6 month guarantee is promised. Claims can also take the form of approval from accredited source. In the Buccaneer advert, in the YOU magazine, they state that they have earned the title school shoe specialists, this being recognistion of credibility. The Buccaneers adverts also uses logic when they provide a 6 step checklist for a comfortable fit and how they adhere to all checklist items. 5Actions:This includes the actions the consumers take when purchasing a product or service. These invitations to contact the organisation are places at the end of the advertisement. In the advertisement for DKNY, in the Destiny magazine, they invite the reader to join the care club on facebook. Although none of the other advertisements invite the reader to contact the organisation, many of the advertisements do provide a website to visit and indicate that they are on Facebook and twitter to get more information. 6Brand name: The brand name, term or symbol is what makes a brand identifiable, and distinguishes it from other services or products. Brand names must be included in the advertisement and is usually repeated verbally or visually (Du Ploy 2009:263). In the Satiskin advert, the brand name is repeated in the information section as well as on the bottles. In the HP advertisement, the HP logo is shown twice and the name is shown another three times. The Buccaneers advertisement mentiones the brand name eight times in the advertisement. The brand name is very important in establishing a brand identity and creating brand awareness. In the selected adverts, the brand name is included in every advertisement. 7Appeals: This refers to the way the advertisement reaches out to the specific target audience. The Toughees and Buccaneer adverts in the YOU magazine, will both immediately appeal to mothers with school going children. The DKNY advert, in the Destiny magazine, appeals to females because of the statement â€Å"a fragrance for women†. The chevrolet advertisement appeals to the adventurous man through the use of the picture of the camping and climbing gear in the car. Land-Rover also appeals to men, by making the car look strong and masculine is the story weather 8Slogan: This is a motto, catchword, catch phrase or jingle used to make the brand more identifiable. Slogans are created for specific campaigns, or are used permanently for a company. Slogans should be short, simple and represent what the brand or product is. In the Destiny magazine, for Chevrolet, the permanent slogan is â€Å"where will Chevrolet take you? †. The Landrover slogan is â€Å"Above and beyond†, indicating that this car is better than the rest. In the YOU magazine the Satiskin slogan is â€Å"indulge your senses†, this suggests that the product is both good on the skin and has a great smell. The Bourneville slogan is â€Å"on the deliciously dark side†. 9Factual and emotional approach: Factual approach uses rational communication which is logical, descriptive or scientific (Du Ploy 2009:263). A factual approach makes strong claims and uses demonstrations to convince the consumer that they are scientifically proven. The HP, the Buccaneers and Chevrolet advert all use factual information, providing facts about the product. The emotional approach uses communication that expresses and excites feelings (Du Ploy 2009:263). The emotional approach creates feelings, images, meanings and beliefs about the product that may be activated when the consumer uses it. The Land-rover advert creates feelings of excitement and fearlessness because of the stormy backdrop, thus making the reader feel like this product will be exciting but stable and safe when driven. The Bourneville advertisements also creates emotions of desire and playfulness that is expected when one eats the ice cream. The satiskin advert appeals to a womens femanine side, and need for luxuary in the comfort of your own home. The image of the young boy and his monther doing math home work in the HP advert evoked the emotion of giving your child the best for less. 9RESEARCH DESIGN The research design used for this research is both qualitative and quantitative applied research. Quantitative research, deals with the quantification of data (counting and representation of data in numbers and/or percentages); using statistical programmes to draw inferences and make calculations based on the collected data. The objective of quantitative design is to describe, predict and explain quantities and to generalise from a sample to the target or accessible population by collecting numerical data. (Du Plooy 2001:83). Questions in the questionnaire are closed-ended, where respondents merely had to answer yes or no, or select an option from a list, or list information in order of preference. The researcher explores the creative concepts identified in the chosen advertisements. By investigating how the creative concepts are applied practically in current advertisements, the researcher draws numerical comparisons between the selected advertisements and the creative concepts applied within. Qualitative research is where opinions are expressed. There will be no figures, only opinions and findings related to written responses. Qualitative research is appropriate because we intend to examine the properties, values, and characteristics of a message. The researcher analyses advertisements and creative concepts to confirm theoretical assumptions made. The objective is to explore areas where limited or no prior information exists and to describe the behaviour, themes, attitudes, needs or relations that are applicable to the units analysed (Du Plooy 2009:88). Both inductive and deductive methods of reasoning are used in this research. Assumptions, sub-issues, research questions are guided by the theory of persuasive communication as per deductive reasoning. Method of reasoning is deductive because operational definitions are formulated and researched with the intention to verify them. This study also seeks to test the theory on persuasive communication by accepting and/or rejecting said assumptions in as well as to answer the research questions. (Du Plooy 2001:82). Inductive reasoning is applied to the analysis of creative concepts to confirm the theoretical assumptions in order to draw general conclusions. Research questions are based on these assumptions and the specific frequency with which each creative concept is measured in advertisements. 10DATA-COLLECTION AND TECHNIQUES Cross-sectional research is done on both quantitative as well as qualitative designs due to applying both inductive and deductive reasoning. Quantitative method can be used as the creative concepts can be counted in each advertisement, how many times they appear. Content analysis method is used to record the frequency that the creative concepts appear in each of the eight selected advertisements. Content analysis uses four specific units of analysis. Physical units include the medium of the communication, the number of pages, the size and space of the print media (Du Ploy 2009:214). Syntactic units include the paragraphs, sentences, phrases, clauses or words used in the text (Du Ploy 2009:214). The thematic units are the repeating patters of propositions or ideas related to a specific issue (Du Ploy 2009:214). Propositional units involve the questions, answers, statements, assertions and arguments used (Du Ploy 2009:214). Qualitative design is appropriate when we intend examining the properties or characteristics of messages (Du Plooy2009:88). Qualitative content analysis will be used as a research method to explore and describe the creative concepts that are evident in the selected advertisements. This would be done by looking at one advertisement and finding out whether or not a creative concept is present. Method of reasoning is deductive because operational definitions are formulated and the theoretical approach discussed. Inductive reasoning is applied to confirm the theoretical assumptions in order to draw general conclusions. The goal is applied communication research because we want to identify and investigate the nine creative concepts within the eight advertisements from the two different selected publications, YOU magazine and Destiny magazine. Ratio level of measurement is used to give an indication of whether the particular creative characteristic is present or absent in each of the advertisements. A tally sheet is used to allocate the data into specific categories. Categories in the tally sheet include the nine creative concepts namely benefit, curiosity, amplification, claims and proof, action, brand name, appeals, slogan and factual or emotional approach. The eight different advertisements are also used as categories. The creative concepts are not mutually exclusive because an advertisement can fall into more than one creative concept category. The categories are exhaustive because each and every advertisement can be placed into a category of creative concepts. The target population for this research includes all possible publications and advertisements, while the accessible population includes all the advertisements of the selected two publications, namely YOU magazine and Destiny magazine, January 3rd 2013 edition. The researcher decides on the sample size before the research starts. Non probability sampling was used because of the small population. Non-probability sampling refers to a sample selected that does not have a probable chance of representing the target population (Du Plooy 2009:123). Purposive sampling is used because the sample needed to be selected with the research purpose in mind. These purposefully selected texts are chosen because they inform the research questions being investigated. The sample advertisements that were chosen, were chosen based on what was believed to be appropriate for the research study. The sample size of eight advertisements from the accessible population, was chosen by the researcher before hand. From the two publications,YOU magazine and Destiny magazine, four advertisements were chosen out of 12 full page advertisements in the YOU magazine, and four advertisements were chosen out of a total of 16 full page advertisements in the Destiny magazine, using the method of purposive sampling. Once the sample is drawn, the researcher then identifies the nine creative concepts applied in each of the eight advertisement. Qualitative data is done through the examination and observation of the characteristics, properties and values of the eight advertisement messages. Each advertisement is analysed to identify all the creative concepts applied in each. This quantitative data found is collected on a tally sheet, and the findings are allocate within categories. The tally sheet organises the data as a visual summary. 11 DATA ANALYSIS Below is the tally table used to summarise the frequencies of nine creative concepts applied within each of the eight selected advertisements. The key below indicates what the advertisements the numbers represent. Along the top of the tally sheet all the creative concepts are labelled. Along the left the numbers of the advertisements are shown. Below is a key, showing what number represents which advertisement. Each magazine received a 1 if the magazine contained the creative concept and a 0 if it did not. Along the bottom the total number of each creative concepts used is indicated, and along the left the total number creative concepts used per advertisement is displayed. Table 1. 0 M A G A Z I N E A D V E R T S CREATIVE CONCEPTS Benefit curious Amplify Claims Action Brand name Appeal Slogan Approach Total % Fact Emo 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 4 40 2 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 6 60 3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 4 40 4 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 6 60 5 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 4 40 6 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 5 50 7 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 5 50 8 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 4 40 Total 3 6 2 2 1 8 5 4 3 4 30 % 37. 5 75 25 25 12. 5 100 62. 5 50 37. 5 50 KEY: YOU magazine: 1=Satiskin2=Toughees 3=HP4=Buccaneer Destiny Magazine: 5=DKNY6=Chevrolet 7=Land-Rover8=Bourneville 1= Creative concepts applied 0= Creative concept not applied Qualitative data was collected through the observation of each of the advertisements, to identify the creative concepts applied in each. Each occurrence of a creative concepts, within the eight advertisements, were scored up on the tally sheet. The tally sheet organised the data to provide a visual summary of how many and which creative concepts are found in each advertisement. It is not possible to replicate the research due to the small sample size used. Because of the small sample size and the non-probability method used, the sample is not a good representative of the population. 12FINDINGS Thorough the analysis of the eight selected advertisements the following was found regarding creative concepts applied. 1Benefit:It was found that 3 out of 8 (37. 5%) advertisements used the promise of benefits to show how the product can be a benefit,and thus get the attention of the reader. In the YOU magazine, the Tounghees advertisement offeres the benefit of a 6 month guarantee, this guaratee is a benefit to the possible consumer because it is a gaurantee that the product will last for atleast 6 months, and if not the compant will replace the product. The HP advert promises the reader the beneifit of saving money by being able to print twice the amount of pages at the same cost. This benefit is apealing to all house holds and offices looking to save money and resources in the struggling economy. Buccaneers promises the reader comfort and quality. The Satiskin advert promises luxury, quality and PH balance. 2Curiosity: The concept of curiousity is found in 75% of the chosen advertisements. Curiousity was used in the most amount of the adverts chosen. In the Destiny magazine, the Bourneville advert arouses curiosity with the picture of the woman being licked like a cat at bath time. This image is unusual and peculiar, and arouses curiosity. In the YOU magazine, The Toughees advert provokes curiosity by claiming that a student takes 156400 steps at school, per year. This creates wonder in the reader as to if this number is correct. The Buccaneers advert makes the statement â€Å"Making it easy for moms since 1905†, this statement provokes curiosity in the fact that they have been around for so long and are an established company. The HP advertisement arouses interest with the statement â€Å"print more, pay less†, the reader becomes interested in the idea of saving money. The DKNY advert for Golden Delicious arrouses curiousity through the models eyes, and also by comparing the purfume to a delicious golden apple. The Land-rover advert states â€Å"The calm befor, during, and after the storm†, this provokes curiousity in the claim that this car can take on any weather. 3Amplification: 25% of the advertisments used amplification. In the Buccaneer advert, in the YOU magazine, there is a history of the company they state that they have earned the title shoe school specialists, and claim to be â€Å"Making it easy for moms since 1905†. The Chevrolet advert, in the Destiny magazine, has a description of all the car features, thus amplifying what the car has to offer. 4Claims: Claims and proof was used in 25% of the chosen advertisements. In the Tounghees advertisement, proof was given in the form of a 6 month guarantee. In the Buccaneer advert it states that they have earned the title school shoe specialists thus providing proof in the form of approval from an accredited source. The Buccaneers adverts also uses logic when they provide a 6 step checklist for a comfortable fit and how they adhere to all checklist items. 5Actions: Only one out of the eight advertisements invited the readers to get in contact with them. In the advertisement for DKNY, they invite the reader to join the care club on facebook. 6Brand name: All of the eight advertisements used the organisations brand name in their advertisement. It is not a surprise that 100% of the advertisements used their brand name, as this is very important in establishing a brand identity and creating brand awareness. In the Satiskin advert, the brand name is repeated in the information section as well as on the bottles. In the HP advertisement, the HP logo is shown twice and the name is shown an additional three times. The Buccaneers advertisement mentiones the brand name eight times in the advertisement. The Land-Rover and Chevrolet both show their logo or brand name on the cars aswell. 7Appeals: 62. 5% of the chosen advertisements apeals to a apecific reader. Both the Toughees and Buccaneer adverts appeal to mothers with school going children. The DKNY advert, in the Destiny magazine, appeals to females because of the statement â€Å"a fragrance for women†. The chevrolet advertisement appeals to adventurous men because of the camping and climbing gear in the car. The Land-Rover also appeals to men, by making the car look strong and masculine is the story weather. 8Slogan: 50% of the advertisments use a slogan. For Chevrolet, the permanent slogan is â€Å"Where will Chevrolet take you? †. The Landrover slogan is â€Å"Above and beyond†, indicating that this car is better than the rest. The Satiskin slogan is â€Å"indulge your senses†, this suggests that the product is both good on the skin and has a great smell. The Bourneville slogan is â€Å"on the deliciously dark side†. All these slogans help with optimising brand identification. 9Factual and emotional approach: A factual approach is used by 37. 5% of advertisements and 50% of advertisements used an emotional approach. The HP, the Buccaneers and Chevrolet advert all use factual information by providing additional facts about the product. The Land-rover advert creates feelings of excitement, fearlessness but still plays on the emotions of safety. The Bourneville advertisements also creates emotions of desire and playfulness. The satiskin advert appeals to a womens need for luxuary in the comfort of your own home. The image of the young boy and his monther doing math home work in the HP advert evoked the emotion of giving your child the best for their education. The statement â€Å"its pretty easy maths† ties in the young boys math home work, making the reader feel that buying this product is an easy choice to make. Sub-issues: Do different advertisements use different creative concepts? Yes, each one of the selected advertisements used a different combination of the creative concepts. Below is a list of the different combinations used, the different colours are used to make the different combinations more ecident. Satiskin- Benefits, Brand name, Slogan and emotionan approach Toughees– Benefits, curiousity, claims, brand name, appeal and factual approach. HP- Benefits, curiousity, brand name and emotional approach Buccaneer-Curiousity, amplification, claim, brand name, appeal and factual approach. DKNY- Curiousity, action, brand name, and appeal. Chevrolet- Aplification, appeal, brand name, slogan and factual approach. Landrover- Curiousity, brand name, appeal, slogan and emotional approach. Bourneville- Curiousity, brand name, slogan and emotional approach. Do car advertisements use more than three creative concept per advertisement? Yes, car advertisements use more than three creative concepts. Both car adverts for Chevrolet and Land-Rover, made use of brand name, slogan and appeal. The two car adverts differed in some of their creative concepts used. The Chevrolet advert made use of amplification and factual approach, while the Land-Rover advertisement made use of creating curiousity and used an emotional approach to appeal to the consumer. The below tally table is an extract from the tallly table 1. 0. This extract shows the different creative concepts applied to the two different car advertisements found in the Destiny magazine publication, and proving that car advertisements use more than three creative concepts per advertisements. Table1. 0 extract Benefit curious Amplify Claims Action Brand name Appeal Slogan Approach tot % Fact Emo Chev 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 5 50 Land 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 5 50 Is the creative concept, branding, found in all of the advertisements? Yes, all of the eight chosen advertisements contain their relevant companies brand name and logos. The below tally table is an extract from the tallly table 1. 0. This table shows that each of the eight selected advertisements used their brand name in the advertisement, and thus making the company more indentifiable and creating brand identity. Advertisements Brand name 1Satiskin 1 2Toughees 1 3 HP 1 4 Buccaneer 1 5 DKNY 1 6Chevrolet 1 7 Land-Rover 1 8 Bourneville 1 Total 8 % 100 Does each advertisement apply more than one creative concept? Yes, every chosen advertisemesnt from the two puplications makes use of more than one of the nine creative concepts. Toughees and Buccaneer adverts for school shoes contains the most creative concepts with 6 creative concepts used in each of their advertisemesnt. Due to the fact that this publication was from January, just before school was starting, these finding are not a suprise as these companies were competing for their clietelle. Chevrolet and Land-rover contains both make use of 5 creative concepts each. Bourneville, Satiskin, DKNY and HP all contain 4 creative concepts in each advertisement. The above claims can be supported by the evidence in the tally table 1. 0. The tally sheet used to simplify the findings into visual categories.

Weapons of Mass Destruction The Terrorist Threat

Introduction In 1945, the U.S. caused an extensive obliteration when it dropped two atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which also ended the Second World War. This incident made the whole world to come to terms with the threat that weapons of mass destruction (WMD) pose to the world security.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Terrorist Threat specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Regrettably, as the major countries have agreed to stop the use of WMD, terror groups have made efforts to acquire and use them for causing havoc in various places around the world. Worse still, technological advancement of this century has increased the possibility of their construction and smuggling for illicit use in almost everywhere in the world. This paper provides an assessment on how a significant terrorist WMD attack can be conducted. Lacy and Benedek note, â€Å"WMD are used to kill large numbers of people, destroy large amounts of property, achieve political goals, and create terror, chaos, and social disruption† (2003, para. 2). They also say that the weapons include â€Å"biological or chemical agents, nuclear weapons, conventional bombs contaminated with radioactive materials, large conventional or â€Å"truck† bombs, and surprising sources such as hijacked airplanes† (Lacy and Benedek, para.2). Recent horrific incidences such as the Japanese subway attack using Sarin nerve agent, which resulted in the death of thirteen individuals and severely injured several others, have raised the alarm of the possible terrorist use of WMD. In addition, North Korea and other regimes such as Iran have issued threats of possible use of different biological and chemical weapons for causing widespread destruction. Therefore, their use by terrorist organizations is a cause of worry for many nations around the world. Chemical terrorism Chemical wea pons are made from chemical materials with toxic properties and they are meant to injure or incapacitate the enemy, or render a particular place unfit for productive use. Unlike conventional weapons or nuclear weapons, these dangerous weapons do not rely on explosive force to realize their goals; however, they rely on the unique characteristics of the chemicals in causing harm (Croddy Wirtz, 2005). In this century, approximately seventy different chemicals are available that can be used as chemical terrorism agents. During the First World War era, chemical weapons that were used were in the form of gases. In the modern era, however, terrorists can use liquids, solids, or gases having poisonous effects to cause mass casualties. Terrorists can either use persistent or non -persistent chemical weapons to cause destruction. Non-persistent agents, such as chlorine and sarin, stay for a limited period before losing their effectiveness after dissemination; therefore, this makes them to be beneficial for terrorists who want to take over and control a target as fast as possible. On the other hand, persistent agents stay for many days before losing effectiveness.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Chemical terrorism can be effected by use of agents that are organized into five different groups based on how they cause harm to the human body. The five categories are blister (vesicant), blood (systemic), choking, nerve, and psychotomimetric agents. Blister agents refer to the chemicals that cause extreme skin, eye, and mucosal pain and irritation resulting in large, aching blisters on parts of the body of those affected. The most common types of blister agents are sulfur mustards and lewisite, and they are heavier than air hence stay in the atmosphere for an extended period of time. Sulfur mustard is inexpensive and easy to manufacture, making it likely to be used by terrorists. The agents readily penetrate the skin causing life-threatening symptoms such as skin pain and irritation, large fluid blisters that are prone to infection, and mild respiratory distress. Since the blister agents are not as lethal as are the nerve agents, they are less likely to be employed by the terrorists. Blood agents, which are cyanide or arsenic based, get into the blood through inhalation or ingestion and cause death in a matter of minutes or seconds by inhibiting the conversion of oxygen into energy. At ambient conditions, the toxic chemical agents are volatile colorless gases, hence are more destructive when terrorists use them in confined areas. They are normally disseminated as aerosols and saturate the blood when inhaled. In order to be effective, terrorists can consider using higher doses of the blood agents that can cause symptoms of dizziness, weakness, and nausea on those affected. Permanent brain damage and muscle paralysis might also occur. A third type of chemical agent is a choking agent, which affect the victims breathing system by leading to a build-up of fluids in the lungs. The fluid-filled lungs render the affected individual unable to breathe and eventually suffocate. When the chemical agents are exposed to the eyes and skin, they corrode the surfaces leading to distorted vision and severe deep burns, and when they are inhaled, they cause multiple complications to the respiratory and the circulatory system. Even though some individuals can survive choking agent attacks, they end up suffering from life-long breathing problems. Currently, some of the choking agents that terrorists might use to achieve their objectives include chlorine gas, chloropicrin, diphosgene, phosgene, and trichloronitromethane.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Terrorist Threat specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Among these chemical weapon agents, moder n terrorists are likely to use phosgene since it is the most dangerous and since it is denser than air, it can remain in the air for a considerable amount of time. Chlorine is the most common and the degree of damage it causes depends on the level of contact one has with it. It is believed that modern terrorists can try to simulate the massive use of these weapons, which occurred during the First World War. For example, on April 22, 1915, the German forces opened up 168 tons of chlorine gas on their enemies at the Second Battle of Ypres in Belgium, which resulted in the death of many unprepared soldiers. The fourth type of chemical agents is the nerve agents, which attack the victim’s nervous system by restricting the movement of the nerve impulses in the body. Therefore, the affected persons are unable to control their muscles, vomit and lose the ability to control their bladder, lungs stop working and they lose their ability to breathe. Eventually, the victims die by asphyx iation as control of the respiratory muscles is lost due to the effects of the agent. A number of the deadly nerve agents are easily vaporized or aerosolized. They mainly enter the victim’s body through the respiratory system and they can also be absorbed through the skin. Since they are considered as some of the most powerful and lethal of all chemical weapons, they have the potential of causing mass casualties when used by terrorist organizations. Nerve agents fall into two classes: G-series, such as tabun and sarin, and V-series, such as VE, VG, and VM. The fifth type of chemical weapons is the psychotomimetic agents, which affects a person’s mind. They make the victim to develop complications in his or her nervous system and reduces his or her ability to make decisions or move. The person becomes disoriented and can have delusions. The types of this agent that terrorists can use include 3-quinuclidinylbenzilate, Phencyclidine, and LSD In order to achieve the intend ed goal of use of chemical weapons, terrorists must ensure that they are effectively delivered or disseminated to the targets since their effectiveness is highly dependent on the prevailing atmospheric conditions as many of them are in gaseous form. Inappropriate weather observations and forecasting reduces their effective delivery. The most probable forms of attack that terrorists might use are dispersion, thermal dissemination, and aerodynamic dissemination. Dispersion techniques, such as the use of munitions, bombs, and spray tanks, are the easiest form of attack since they involve putting the agent on or next to a target immediately before dissemination, with the intention of efficiently using the material. Terrorists can use this technique by opening a container full of poisonous substances in a place full of people, for example, in a city bus stop.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thermal dissemination is a dispersal technique of chemical weapons by the use of explosives or pyrotechnics and it offers the advantage of disseminating the agent over a considerable distance. This may make it preferable to the terrorists over the dispersion technique. In disseminating the chemical agents, terrorists may use bombs or projectile shells, which expel the agent tangentially when detonation occurs. In spite of the limitations of the use of thermal dissemination devices, terrorists can efficiently use them in the early stages of chemical weapon development. Another delivery method is aerodynamic dissemination method in which a chemical weapon is released from an airplane without any explosion. Aerodynamic stress then spreads the agent to the targeted area. Today, terrorists can opt for this method over the thermal dissemination technique since it eliminates some of its limitations. In addition, the advances in technology have allowed ideal conditions to be predetermined b efore disseminating the chemicals through aerodynamics. Biological terrorism Biological terrorism refers to the deliberate use of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins, to kill, incapacitate, or seriously cause extensive harm to a person or persons. The biological agents normally exist in nature, but terrorists may try to modify them in order to increase their ability of causing illness or death to individuals. They can also be made to be resistant to medications or easier to move from one place to another. The bioterrorism agents are spread through inanimate materials and they are not easy to detect when present in these means of dispersion. The agents can also take sometime, up to several days, before causing disease. Other significant attributes that make the bio-weapons attractive for terrorists include their ease of acquisition, ease of dissemination, and can cause mass panic and disruption of a society apart from the real harm they can cause. In the past, bioterrorist s have successfully used biological agents to cause harm to innocent people. For example, in 1993, a religious group in Japan tried to aerosolize anthrax spores in Tokyo but the attack was a total failure. Only one person was infected. And in late 2001, letters infected intentionally with anthrax were sent to news media and the United States Congress and resulted in the death of five people. These instances, and many others not mentioned, illustrate that terrorist organizations are ready to obtain and use biological weapons to cause mass casualties. The United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention (the CDC) has classified the biological weapons into three different categories based on the degree of danger that every agent can pose to the population. This also depicts how a significant bioterrorism attack can be conducted. Category A consists of high-priority agents that pose a significant risk to national security, â€Å"since they can be easily disseminated or transmitt ed from one person to the other, they have the ability of causing high deaths, are able to result in major public panic and social disruption, and need exceptional action for public health vigilance† (Friedewald, 2006, xxviii). The agents in this category are the ones that terrorists are likely to use for carrying out an attack and they consist of â€Å"tularemia, anthrax, smallpox, botulinum toxin, bubonic plague, and viral hemorrhagic fevers† (Porteus, 2006, para.9). Tularemia or rabbit fever is caused by a very infectious bacterium called Francisella tularensis, which causes fever, localized skin ulcerations, sore throat, systemic infection, and sometimes pneumonia. Infection to individuals is usually caused by breathing or intake of tainted food materials. Since Francisella tularensis widely occurs in nature, terrorists can isolate and grow it in large quantity in a laboratory for carrying out an attack. Anthrax is a non-communicable ailment caused when the spores o f the organism called Bacillus anthracis are inhaled into the lungs where they become active and multiply producing massive bleeding and swelling in the victim’s chest. The person then dies due to blood poisoning. As illustrated in the earlier sections of this paper, terrorists have attempted to use anthrax in several occasions. A highly notorious virus called variola causes smallpox and it is transmitted through the atmosphere from one infected person to the other. Smallpox has a high mortality rate of between twenty to forty percent. Although the World Health Organization declared its complete eradication in 1980, some cultures can still be found in Russia and the U.S. It is believed that the crumple of the Soviet Union made some nations to acquire virus samples of smallpox. This can fall in the hands of terrorists, which they can use to achieve their goals. Other significant threats as forms of biological warfare agents in this category include botulinum toxin and bubonic plague. Category B biological weapons consist of those that are second highest priority agents â€Å"since the terrorists find it moderately easy to disseminate, lead to moderate levels of ailment and low casualty rate, and need specific public-health action such as enhanced diagnostic and detection procedures† (Porteus, 2006, para. 10). Some of these agents or diseases include â€Å"brucellosis, food safety threats such as the Salmonella species, water supply threats such as vibrio cholerae, glanders, ricin, and Q fever† (Porteus, 2006, para. 10). Lastly, Category C is the third highest priority agents. They consist of emerging disease causing organisms that terrorists can modify for mass dissemination. This is because they are readily available, are fairly easy to manufacture and distribute, and are capable of causing mass casualties. Some of these agents or diseases include â€Å"nipah virus, yellow fever, the tickborne hemorrhagic fever, yellow fever, and tubercul osis† (Porteus, 2006, para. 11). Probable forms of attack by use of biological weapons exist, but the means of delivery depends on the target chosen and the extent of damage anticipated. The first means of dissemination that terrorists might use is through the air by aerosol sprays. To accomplish the intended goals, a biological weapon must be made airborne so that an individual can be able to inhale a sufficient quantity of the pathogens to cause disease and eventually death. Second, the biological agents can be delivered by use of explosive devices. However, this method is not as effective as aerosolizing the agents since some agents are damaged by the blast leaving about five percent of the agent to reach the intended target. Third, terrorists can deliver them by contaminating food or water. This can be done either at the source or at some point in the distribution process. Another way can be through direct human contact. For example, a number of ricin-tipped umbrellas have been employed in different assassination attempts. Lastly, biological agents can also be delivered indirectly by means of infected animals or inanimate objects. Nuclear terrorism Terrorists’ use of nuclear weapons is the most destructive of all weapons of mass destruction. It involves the terror groups acquisition and use or threat of use of nuclear weapons or materials whereby sustained fission reaction takes place (Cameron, 1999). This implies that nuclear terrorism is confined to the use of highly enriched uranium (HEU) or plutonium (Pu); nevertheless, some people use the term to allude to any type of terrorist weapon using radioactive materials, which involves the use of radiological dispersal devices (RDDs). Terror organizations, with the intention of causing mass casualties in a place, can employ RDDs materials, for example, cesium -137, strontium -90, and cobalt-60. These elements are readily available in several places around the world. A significant nuclear terroris m act can be conducted by the use of either of the two basic types of nuclear weapons: those that produce their explosive energy through nuclear fission reactions alone or through nuclear fusion reactions alone. Nuclear weapons that give out large quantity of energy by means of nuclear fission reactions are commonly called atomic bombs or atom bombs and their active material is enriched uranium or plutonium. Because of technological advances of this century, terrorists can easily manufacture them by use of either gun assembly or implosion method. The gun assembly method is whereby one piece of fissile uranium is fired into another so as to ignite an exponentially growing nuclear chain reaction. In the implosion method, either uranium or plutonium, or both, are compressed until they reach a critical mass. However, since this method is more complicated than the former, terrorists are less likely to use it in causing mass destruction. The second type of nuclear arsenal that terrorists can consider using is that which produces energy by means of nuclear fusion reactions and they are usually called thermonuclear weapons or hydrogen bombs. The bombs depend entirely on fusion reactions that take place involving the isotopes of hydrogen; though, they obtain a major part of their power from the ensuing fission reactions. In contrast to fission weapons, hydrogen bombs lack inherent limits to the energy they can produce, hence they are more powerful than the uranium- or plutonium-based fission bombs. In a typical thermonuclear weapon, the explosion of a fission bomb compacts and increases the temperature of lithium deuteride, resulting in the emission of neutrons, which strike the lithium atoms leading to the production of tritium. As the temperature of the fission reaction increases, tritium and deuterium are fused together leading to the production of helium and neutrons by both fission and fusion reactions. The reaction then continues through a series of chain reactio ns until it ends in an enormous explosion accompanied by a blast of neutron radiation. In addition to the two basic types of nuclear weapons, there are others that terrorists can consider using. Examples are the boosted fission weapon, which uses fusion reactions to enhance its efficiency, neutron bombs which can be specially designed to yield enormous quantity of neutron radiation, and â€Å"suitcase† bombs which are portable and could be about 48,000 cm3. The probable forms of attack that terrorists can use to deliver the nuclear weapons to their target include the use of gravity bombs, ballistic missiles, or cruise missiles. In order to successful, terrorists must consider the significant costs related to the delivery of nuclear weapons. Gravity bomb, whereby a bomber airplane is used to deliver the weapon, is the most traditional method of delivering nuclear weapons and it is much simpler since it does not offer limitations on the size of the weapon. On the other hand, it restricts the range of attack as well as the number of bombs that can be released. Currently, with the advancement in technology, terrorists can deliver nuclear weapons by the use of strategic bombers, with or without state sponsorship. Terrorists can increase the efficiency of delivering nuclear weapons to targets when they are mounted on missiles, which also lowers the chances of missile defense. Modern technologies, such as intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVS) make the delivery of nuclear weapons possible in any part of the world with maximum accuracy. Cruise missiles have a shorter range and terrorists can target them to any place on the earth. Terrorists can prefer using cruise missiles to ballistic missiles because they are more difficult to detect and they have the ability of maneuvering anti-missile systems. Other potential terrorist forms of attack are the use of artillery shells and land mines. In addit ion to causing harm to individuals through their impact and detonation, nuclear weapons also affect individuals by the enormous quantity of radioactive material that they give out. The radiation can reach people through a number of ways. First, the radiation can reach the body of an individual when it is absorbed through an exposed portion of body parts such as the skin. Second, contamination takes place when radioactive substances gets into the atmosphere as minute particles and get inside the body of a person through the lungs, digestive system, or wounds on the skin. The radioactive substances can be in the form of solids, liquids, or gaseous particles. Lastly, body tissues and organs can be contaminated when they absorb gamma radiation, beta radiation, or alpha radiation. The contamination can occur before radiation drops to trace levels after an explosion has taken place. Radiological weapons Many atomic experts believe that terrorist organizations are likely to prefer using ra diological weapons in causing mass destruction. This is because, in contrast to nuclear bombs, they are able to spread radioactive substances over a wide area. This increases the possibility of causing destruction to people, animals, and infrastructure. A radiological weapon is principally referred to as a dirty bomb or salted bomb as it employs conventional explosives, such as wastes from nuclear power industries, to spread the deadly radioactive material. Because of these reasons, it is not recognized as a true nuclear bomb. Terrorist organizations can successfully employ radiological weapons for causing fear and death in an area with a large number of people. Because of the adverse effects of radiological weapons, they can make areas contaminated by radioactive dusts and smokes to be inhabitable for a considerable period, unless expensive decontamination efforts are carried out. Even though terrorists have not used radiological weapons before, previous incidences have raised the concern that terrorists may acquire and use them for causing mass casualties. For example, some radiological materials planted by Chen rebels were discovered and disarmed in 1995 and 1998. Moreover, some terrorist organizations, such as al Qaeda, have publicly expressed their willingness to acquire these weapons. Possible means of deployment of the radiological materials include the use of either radiological dispersal devices (RDD), which spreads the material into the environment, or radiological emission devices (RED), which uses an immobile radioactive source to make people come into contact with high levels of radiation. The source of RED can remain undiscovered for a considerable period of time such as the accident that took place in Goiania, Brazil in 1987 in which four people died and several others suffered from contamination effects. Terrorists’ use of RDD is likely to be more catastrophic, causing massive disruption and widespread panic among the population. If the RDD uses a chemical explosive, the preliminary outcome would come from the huge impact used to disperse the radioactive substance, and the radioactive fallout from this little â€Å"dirty bomb† would spread over a wide area. A â€Å"dirty bomb† is easily available to terrorists. It is a conventional chemical explosive laced with lower-grade radioactive substance that spreads when the bomb detonates, and it kills people through the initial impact as wells as through the resulting airborne radiation and contamination. Terrorists can deliver dirty bombs through various devices such as artillery shells, dynamite, and TNT. Radiological weapons can be employed in poisoning animals, aquatic life, and foodstuffs. Since they are not soluble in water, terrorists cannot poison water sources using them. Terror organizations can also launch a systemic attack in a nuclear plant. They can achieve this by overloading the reactor so that it functions as a radiological weapon. Potential terrorist targets The potential terrorist targets by the use of weapons of mass destruction are inexhaustible. If the chosen target will make the terrorist to realize his or her objectives, then is a viable quarry. Ideal targets may consist of, but not limited to, a place where there is large gatherings of individuals, packed stadiums, restaurants, office buildings, shopping malls, trains, subway systems, airliners, dams, oil refineries, seaports, nuclear power plants, and hazardous cargo on trucks and trains. It is important to note that terrorists may find some targets to be more attractive than others may be. For instance, a bus stop with no people may be less attractive to a terrorist than a full bus stop on a busy Monday. In using weapons of mass destruction, a terrorist is attracted to highly populated targets where many people can lose their lives and excessive damage on infrastructure can occur. The modern terrorist is usually attracted to symbolic targets; that is, places considered to be the might of a country. The September 11 attacks on the U.S. soil illustrate this. The terrorists destroyed the World Trade Center, which symbolized the economic strength of the U.S. and also represented the globalization that Muslim fundamentalists found to be so objectionable. Soft targets; that is, places that are poorly defended, also rank high on the modern terrorist’s target list. Examples are institutions of learning, hospitals, and shopping malls. These places are highly vulnerable to terrorists’ attack by the use of weapons of mass destruction since they lack adequate physical security necessary to deter terrorist. Conclusion To this end, it is clear that terrorists’ use of weapons of mass destruction is a major threat that must be countered in this century. Nevertheless, efforts can be made to counter its effects by adopting appropriate measures for prevention, detection, and action. Terrorism will not be completely obliterated from th e face of the earth if individuals settle down and stop making efforts to win the war that has been fought since the beginning of recorded history. This calls for establishment of drastic measures that can prevent them from obtaining or accessing chemical, biological, nuclear, or radiological weapons. Consequently, with the adoption of these counter strategies, the war on terror can be won significantly. Reference List Cameron, G. (1999). Nuclear terrorism : a threat assessment for the 21st century. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Croddy, E., Wirtz, J. J. (2005). Weapons of mass destruction : an encyclopedia of  worldwide policy, technology, and history. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. Friedewald, V. (2006). Clinical guide to bioweapons and chemical agents. Notre Dame, Indiana: Springer Verlag. Lacy, T. K., Benedek, D. M. (2003, July). Terrorism and Weapons of Mass  Destruction: Managing the Behavioral Reaction in Primary Care. Medscape Today. Retrieved from https://www.medscap e.com/viewarticle/452845 Porteus, L. (2006, June). Weapons of Mass Destruction Handbook. Fox News. Retrieved from https://www.foxnews.com/ This essay on Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Terrorist Threat was written and submitted by user Madeleine U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Choose A Significant Character in Lord of the Flies essays

Choose A Significant Character in Lord of the Flies essays Choose A Significant Character in Lord of the Flies. In describing This Character, Examine What Significance He Has to the Novel and Its Themes Lord of the Flies by William Golding is about a large group of young boys who get stranded on a deserted island. The book is mainly about survival and civilisation versus savagery. The boys must try to work together to stay alive but end up breaking into two groups: the civilised and the savages. In my essay I am going to examine Piggy, describing this character and what significance he has to the novel and its themes. Piggy is one of the very first characters to be introduced. In the novel Golding describes him as being short and fat with spectacles, wearing a grubby windbreaker. He is portrayed as being obedient, saying, my auntie told me not to. Indeed, several times Piggy mentions things his auntie has told him he is not allowed to do and even though she nor any other grown-ups arent there he still remains extremely well-mannered. Piggy is also the most intelligent of the boys and practical. The first thing we ought to have made was shelters down there by the beach. This suggestion would have been the best idea, but because it came from Piggy everyone just ignored him and ran off to have fun or hunt. His differences to the group made Piggy the centre of torment despite him being a major asset to the group. Ralph and Piggy were the first two boys to meet after the plane crash. As of this moment onwards they stuck by each other. They created an alliance. Ralph was the only one who stood up for Piggy when he was being bullied, which made Piggy idolise him. Youre chief Ralph, you remember everything. Ralph was like Piggys hero. He was appointed leader at the first meeting and Piggy was like his sidekick, I was with him when he found the conch. I was with him before anyone else was. Piggy wants to st ...

Look at the upload file the article title is Smarter Grids are More Essay

Look at the upload file the article title is Smarter Grids are More Efficient - Essay Example Modelling of real time information and online system that provides optimized and coordinated control for unbalanced disribution networks occurs. Indeed, electricity distribution companies save energy by maximising energy delivery effieciencies. WO optimizes resources that are highly reactive and voltage control capabilities. There is consumption of thousands of billions of kilowatt-hours as evident in 3.1% yearly increase between 1980-2006. 10% of electric energy from power plants is lost in show and allotment processes. 40% of losses occur on developed distribution networks evident in 2006 when there was a 655 billion kWh energy loss in distribution. Peak demand in a system lasts less than 5% of the time, therefore this potential can be utilized during peak load hours. Electricity distribution network moves energy from substations to consumers because the network includes; medium voltage power, substation transformers and pole-pad mounted transformers. Most energy loss which occur on distribution is ohmic loss resulting from currents of electricity which flow through condutors. Reactive power compensation devices are designed to reduce unproductive components of current. Voltage regulating devices are usually installed at the substation and on feeders with the intent of adjusting the feed voltage. However, fixing of transformers that consist of tap changers named voltage regulator often occurs. Loss occurs due to resistance in conductors, which is determined by resistability of material used to make cross-sectional areas. In saving electric energy, regulation is achieved in accordance to measurementswhich are locally available. There ought to be control strategies that are comprehensively evaluated to establish feeders that could be regulated with multiple voltages. More percentages of electricity are saved when var compensation devises are used. In addition, the use of substation automation system or management systems that deal with

Phoenix one supersonic airplane Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Phoenix one supersonic airplane - Essay Example It can be done by reducing the direct operation costs, extension of the operating range and at the same time conserve the existing investments in crew training and maintenance procedures. To the manufacturers, it would allow for its production a minimum capital cost. The design of the airplane is model B. Selecting this model would be beneficial to both the society and the company as it reduces air pollution hence conserving the environment. If the board approved commencement of the project, following would take place. There would be a reduction of harmful acoustic effect on the airport environment, increase in the operating range, reduction of the fuel consumption, and aerodynamic improvements (Concorde technical specs, 2014). Aerospatiale prepared a report through the chair and managing director Jacques Mitterrand to the Frenched secretary of state to transport Mr. Cavaille. The report was about a proposal investigation of an improved version of Concorde by the name of Concorde B. The report further explained on the quality of work done and the knowledge possessed by the Aerospatiale Company. The report also gave the go-ahead to an exploratory study that was already being done to upgrade the capability of current Concorde design. As an investment project, the Concorde B model will reduce the monopolistic market, which is only dominated by Anglo-French project. The project will also ensure the company participates in the second-generation supersonic aircraft (Concorde technical specs, 2014). The project approval will confirm an economic interest for the company, which led to the improvement of the Concorde. The project is also favorable to the manufacturer as it allows the company to perform these improvements at a minimum capital cost. The investment project will be environmental friendly as business operations are expected to be ethical. The model will reduce the harmful acoustic effect on the airport environment.

You can choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

You can choice - Essay Example Agricultural bio-systems and structures are among the most promising solutions that can be applied on the problem. There is increased need to address the issue of global warming especially considering that global population is increasing by the day. More importantly, urbanization and industrialization is increasing the rate of global warming. Therefore, more focus on measures to control the rate of global warming to ensure that the future ecosystem is sustainable. However, agricultural biosystems seems to be one of the ways in which the issue of global warming can be addressed. By articulating different aspects of agricultural biosystems, it is possible to realize long-term benefits in the efforts of controlling global warming. It is important to consider that global warming has largely been caused by human activities. Therefore, it will take human efforts to reverse the effects and control the present rate. Otherwise, it will be increasingly difficult for the future generations to survive in this world if meaningful efforts are not applied at the

Psychological Perspectives Essay Example for Free

Psychological Perspectives Essay Behaviourist approach-we can understand any type of behaviour perspective by looking at what the person has learnt, including personality, confidence, optimism or pessimism. Classical conditioning and Pavlov’s dogs. Pavlov was working with dogs to investigate their digestive system Pavlov attached a tube to the dogs mouth was the sliver comes from. This was then attached to a monitor in whom the monitor would monitor how much sliver was used during salivation. Salivation was a automatic response that is unconditioned (not learnt). Food leads to this almost automatically (unconditioned stimulus). Pavlov decided he wanted to find out how much the dog salivated when associated with different noises before giving him food. Pavlov put up a wooden wall so the dog could not see the food, he then rang a bell the dog began to salivate. Over the day the dog then began to associate the bell with the food a salivated as soon as he heard the bell. It had learnt the conditioned response of salivation to the conditioned stimulus of the bell. Operant conditioning and skinners rats. This was to discover the key principles of new learning behaviours. The rat was first places in the box with a lever which when pressed it released a food pellet in to the box. At first when the rat got in to the box it sniffed around and at some point it pressed the lever, discovering that the pellet was dropped. The rat then repeated this performance and learned that pressing the lever is automatically followed by the pellet being dropped. ( the consequence) The pellet is seen as reinforcing, this means something that the rat would like to have more of. There are two types of enforcement negative and positive reinforcement. Skinner then investigated negative reinforcement by running a low electrical current on the floor of the box, the current would be de-activated when the lever was pressed. The behaviour of pressing the leaver was then negatively in reinforcing. For example humans used pain killers as a negative reinforcement because if you use them the pain then tends to go away. Social learning approach Social learning is what affects a person because of a certain individual or a group of people. This could lead to negative behaviour which could be smoking, drinking and drugs. These could be influenced by friends, parents or a guardian and also from the environment they live in. Albert Bandura proved this because he observed this by doing the bobo doll experiment which was children watching a adult kick, punch and sit on the doll. The children then were allowed to go in a play with the doll and they did what they had observed. But also in the room there was other items that they could play with so they could chose to be aggressive or not but they chose to play with the doll, when they were playing with the doll some got guns involved and pretended to shoot it, which the adult never did. The children also used aggressive language towards the doll, this showed that because they had observed the adult being aggressive towards the dolls the children copied. Bandura also believed that behaviour can be learnt from the following principles observational learning, this is watching someone else perform a behaviour such as smoking, drinking, wearing a cycle helmet, they can be learnt but does not have to be reproduced unless the person is motivated to perform the behaviour. A role model which is an individual that inspires others as they could be prestigious, attractive, have a high status and they may copy their behaviour. Modelling which is the process of basing behaviour for example dressing the same as someone who they may admire. Availability the behaviour to be learnt must be available this could be performed somewhere for the individual to see this could be on TV, the computer, games, there peers and family members. Attention the behaviour must be noticed or we will not be able to learn it, if someone is feeling unwell they may not pay attention which could be a problem because you will not remember the procedure. Retention is behaviour that must be retained which is that the person must be interested enough and old enough to retain the information in their memory. Reproduction the individual must be capable of performing the behaviour. Motivation behaviour will be learnt and then performed. Humanistic approach Maslow was a psychologist that believed we were all seeking to become the best that we possibly can be physically, spiritually, emotionally and intellectually, he called this self-actualisation. He also made the theory known as hierarchy of needs this explains that every human requires certain basic needs to be met before they are able to move on to the next stage. He also believed that all our energies will be focused on the stage that we are at, until the basic needs are met we will not focus on our emotional needs and to feel self-esteem which is how valuable we may feel, for someone who has a high self-esteem they will believe that that they are loved and are loveable and also that they feel important and valued. For someone who has a low self-esteem they could feel worthless and that they have no value to anyone and may feel unloved and that they are not unlovable. Self-concept is developed at an early age and it is the way we see ourselves, for example if someone was a child got told they were silly they are more likely to be that way were if a child is praised they will be behave and will have a positive self-concept. Rogers was interested in concept of self, it is the way we view ourselves which includes physical and biological attributes like being male or female, short or tall. He believed that we also hold a concept of our self which represents as view of how we should be and as we would like to be, when there is incongruence between our self and our ideal self we can become unhappy and troubled. (betec level 3 health and social care book 1) Biological approach The maturational theory is that a child would be born with a set of genetics which are passed down through their parents, which are cognitive, physical, and other developmental processes which unfold over time. It is a theory that states that development is to nature not nurture. Gesells theory was that he believed that the development happened the way it was suppose to, this was from developing in the womb until birth. After birth he believed that this is when the child’s genes started to develop them into the person that they were meant to be. He also believed that the environment supported them developing their skills, talents, personality and also their interests but what was the main thing that helped the child develop was the maturational process. The importance of genetic influences on behaviour is that genes affect someone’s behaviour in a numerous of ways. A dominant gene can cause disorders like Huntington’s disease which can be passed on through a parent. Other disorder could be cystic fibrosis which both parents need to carry the gene in order for their child to get it. Disorders can be passed down but are not genetically determined which can lead to the person developing the disorder for example breast cancer can be passed down if one of the family members carry the gene. Psychodynamic approach focuses on unconscious thought processes, the patient will explore the unresolved issues and the conflicts that they have had in in the past which are believed to affect them in their present life. The therapies focus on relieving and resolving the unconscious conflicts which are motivating their symptoms. Freud first developed the vital ideas which bring about the approach as a whole particularly the idea that understanding behavior requires insight into the thoughts and feelings that motivate our actions. Freud also describes conscious mind, which consists of all the mental processes of which we are aware. For example, you may be feeling hungry at this moment and decide to get something to eat. Eriksons theory differs in a number of important ways. Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of predetermined stages. Unlike Freud’s theory of psychosexual stages, Erikson’s theory describe the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan.

Appeal for Academic Reinstatement :: Letter of Appeal

I was very disappointed at myself after received dismissal letter from State University. I felt that I let down not only myself, but also my family who hoped for me to earn a bachelor degree from such a great school as Ohio State. There were several reasons that led me to difficulty and lose concentrate in studied. During the time I studied at Ohio State, my older sister who I lived with received the bad news about losing her teaching assistance job at Ohio State. She was the only one who helped support me at that time. My sister was the one who pays rent and most of utility bills. I did help her pay some of the bills and groceries as I only worked minimum part-time. Since my sister was not able to continue her teaching position at that time, I help pay most of the bills included the rent. I certainly did not prepare for the situation and ended up have to start working more so I can help out my sister pays the bills. At the same time, my mother who lives in Thailand also suffered fro m the breast cancer which cost my parents a lot of money for the surgery and medical bills. My parents were in no place to help me or my sister with living costs and expenses here in the United States. Since my sister had only a student visa, and was not a U.S. citizen, I was the only one that could legally work and pay most of the rent and other bills. Working long hours did affect me psychically and emotionally. I lose both of my free time and study times. As I did not plan for the situation included poor time management, I ended up work more and spend less time studied than I should. I know that I struggled to keep up with classes and missed many classes. I did not think it through and thought that I could manage the situation on my own. I did not let anyone know about my situation or seek any help from any instructor or advisor. I ended up with poor academic performance and received bad grades which lead me to academic dismissal. I feel regretted and only wish that I could have made a better decision. After dismissed from Ohio State, I continued to work for whole summer. My sister later received her teaching assistance job back, and could continue her study at Ohio State.

The Song of Songs vs. Lady Antebellum’s Our Kind of Love

The Song of Songs vs. Lady Antebellum’s â€Å"Our Kind of Love† The excerpts from The Bedford Anthology of World Literature entitled The Song of Songs can correlate to the contemporary love song â€Å"Our Kind of Love† sang by the notorious, award-winning country music group Lady Antebellum. Besides the fact that these two works were written under antithetical circumstances and during distinctly different time periods, they both share many of the same attributes. Both of these works closely examine the word â€Å"love†, a word that is commonly misused in the present day generation.Furthermore, they both portray the profound, romantic feeling that a woman and a man share when they are both mentally and physically attracted to each other. The Song of Songs, is often misunderstood. When many people first read this poem, they find it hard to believe that this sexual, explicit love poem is found in the Bible. Phrases like, â€Å"do not rouse her† (210. 9 ), â€Å"your lips drop sweetness like the honeycomb† (213. 11), â€Å"I have stripped off my dress† (214. 3), and â€Å"I am a wall and my breasts are like towers† (218. 0), are present throughout this poem. Many people read these phrases and think of them to be sexual connotations. These phrases are indeed erotic but what most people do not understand is that this poem is meant to show the love that God has created for a male to feel towards a female and a female to feel towards a male when they are in a monogamous relationship. This poem was also intended to be able to be used as lyrical hymn that could be sung. Many songs in today’s culture portray this feeling of love as well. Our Kind of Love† is a country song sang by the country musical group Lady Antebellum. Although, at first many people may not agree, The Song of Songs, a poem that can be found in the Bible, and â€Å"Our Kind of Love†, a song that just recently was produced, share many of the same qualities. The Song of Songs has two main characters: the bride and the bridegroom whom are lovers. The companions are another group of characters in this poem. They are kind of like the narrators of the poem that chime in at certain times.Each of the three characters plays a contrary role in the love poem. In â€Å"Our Kind of Love†, the country group Lady Antebellum, sings about the love shared between a male and a female. In this song, a man and a woman take turns singing about their love for each other. Even though â€Å"Our Kind of Love† is a song, it can also be considered a poem as well. While reading The Song of Songs, one might doubt that it is a poem because many of the lines contained in this poem do not rhyme with each other however, a poem does not always have to rhyme.One might also disagree that a song such as â€Å"Our Kind of Love† can be a poem, but a song was at one time just a poem until it was actually made into a song. Whe n first looking at both the poem and the song together, the stanza in which they are written looks almost identical besides the fact that the song is obviously shorter than the poem. This should be a clue to the readers right away that they are both poems. Another clue that both of these could be poems or songs, is the title of the poem The Song of Songs.The title says it all. â€Å"Our Kind of Love† and The Songs of Songs are both about two people madly in love. In both of these works, the characters both explain their love towards each other. However, the way they express their love for each other is extremely different. This is because of the difference in cultures and time periods. For example, in The Song of Songs the bridegroom describes his bride’s beauty by using a large amount of adjectives: How beautiful you are, my dearest, how beautiful! Your eyes behind your veil are like doves, your hair like a flock of goats streaming down Mount Gilead (212. 1). In †Å"Our Kind of Love†, the way the male describes to the female her beauty sounds a little bit different than in The Song of Songs. He explains her beauty by using less description: â€Å"You wear your smile like a summer sky / Just shining down on me and you swear your heart is a free bird / On a lazy Sunday afternoon† (Lady Antebellum). Although these two phrases sound completely different, they are both stating the same thing, that they both think their lover’s are beautiful.The first phrase is written more proper, and the second phrase is more straight-forward and to the point, and this is why a great number of people do not realize that even though the language of The Song of Songs and â€Å"Our Kind of Love† is different, a lot of the phrases in both of these works are stating the same or close to the same thing. Another example of the similarity of phrases is when the bride in The Song of Songs explains the type of love her and the bridegroom share an d when both the female and the male in â€Å"Our Kind of Love† define the type of love they have together.The bride in The Song of Songs declares her love for the bridegroom: My beloved has gone down to his garden, to the beds where balsam grows, to delight in the garden and to pick the lilies. / I am my beloved’s, and my beloved is mine, he who delights in the lilies (215. 2-3). In comparison to this phrase, the male and female in â€Å"Our Kind of Love† explain their love by singing: â€Å"Just like driving on an open highway / Never knowing what we’re gonna find / Just like two kids, baby, always trying to live it up / Whoa, yeah, that’s out kind of love (Lady Antebellum).The Song of Songs was written during a much more earlier time period than â€Å"Our Kind of Love†. One can tell this by comparing the language that is used in both of these works. â€Å"Our Kind of Love† is a contemporary song that just came out in the year 2010. This song consists of everyday, modern language. It is very easy to understand the plot of this song just by listening to it or reading it through once. In contrast, The Song of Songs was written â€Å"between 350 and 250 B. C. E. † (208).This poem is much more difficult to understand than Lady Antebellum’s song because it uses more proper, precise language. The Songs of Songs may require a little extra attention in order to clearly understand the poem. This is what throws most people off and makes them think these two works are not alike. However, if one actually takes the time to look over The Song of Songs a couple of extra times, then he will see that they are stating the same objective, just using a different way to say it.When first looking at this essay, one might not agree with my idea that Lady Antebellum’s recent record-breaking hit, â€Å"Our Kind of Love† and the biblical love poem, The Song of Songs are alike. They are indeed written from di fferent time periods and from different cultures however, by now one should agree that these two works are more similar than they are dissimilar. They both have two main characters, a male and a female. Both of these works can be cited as poems or sung aloud. Also, they are both profound love poems.Many say that The Song of Songs was created in order to show God’s creation between a man and a woman and the love they share with each other, and that is what both of these works are doing. Even though The Song of Songs is much longer in length than â€Å"Our Kind of Love†, they both have the same point. One should take the time to examine both of these popular love poems/songs, because it is very interesting to see how big of an impact a difference in culture plays in World Literature.It is very amusing to see how a love poem written somewhere between 350 and 250 B. C. E. can relate so much to a contemporary country song. Works Cited â€Å"The Song of Songs. † The B edford Anthology of World Literature. Ed. Paul Davis, Gary Harrison, David M. Johnson, Patricia Clark Smith, and John F. Crawford. Book 1 ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2004. 208-19. Print. The Ancient World, Beginnings-100 C. E. Lady Antebellum. â€Å"Our Kind of Love. † Need you Now. Quad Studios, 2010